What is Rheumatoid Arthritis?

Causes and Joint Pathology in Rheumatoid Disease

Under normal conditions, the synovium produces lubricating fluid for seamless joint motion. In rheumatoid arthritis, immune cells trigger chronic synovitis. Over time, invasive inflammatory tissue degrades articular cartilage and underlying bone, resulting in structural deformities.

How Does It Differ from Osteoarthritis?

Osteoarthritis is mechanical wear that worsens with weight-bearing and eases with rest. Rheumatoid arthritis is biological inflammation where pain and stiffness are most intense at rest and upon waking, gradually improving as joints move.

Primary Clinical Symptoms

• Morning joint stiffness persisting beyond 30 minutes
• Symmetrical joint swelling and warmth on both sides of the body
• Progressive stiffness and tenderness in wrists, fingers, and knees
• Persistent fatigue and low-grade fever episodes

Frequently Asked Questions

Does rheumatoid arthritis cause permanent cartilage destruction?

In advanced cases with complete cartilage loss and bone-on-bone friction, total joint replacement (knee or hip arthroplasty) restores painless function.

Which specialist should you consult?

Management involves multidisciplinary care between Rheumatologists and Orthopedic Surgeons, with orthopedic specialists handling joint preservation and reconstructive procedures.