What is a Boutonniere Deformity?

What Causes a Boutonniere Deformity?

Forcefully bending the middle finger joint, a cut or inflammatory joint disease can damage the central extensor tendon. If it does not heal properly, the middle joint bends while the fingertip joint hyperextends because of the surrounding ligaments. A minor injury may be overlooked at first.

Symptoms

• Increasing bend at the middle joint when trying to straighten the finger
• Hyperextension of the fingertip joint
• Inability to lay the finger completely flat on a surface
• Reduced dexterity when buttoning clothes or gripping

Frequently Asked Questions

Can a boutonniere deformity improve?

Early treatment with a splint that positions the middle joint and controlled hand exercises can allow healing. Inconsistent splint use may lead to lasting stiffness. Late presentation or a complete tendon tear may require hand surgery followed by prolonged rehabilitation.