What is Frozen Shoulder (Adhesive Capsulitis)?

Pathophysiology of Capsular Fibrosis

The glenohumeral capsule thickens and contracts under inflammatory triggers often linked to diabetes mellitus, thyroid dysfunction, or immobilization. Joint volume diminishes dramatically, severely restricting rotational freedom.

Clinical Stages

• Freezing Phase: Progressive nocturnal pain with spontaneous ache
• Frozen Phase: Diminished pain coupled with pronounced global stiffness
• Thawing Phase: Gradual restoration of glenohumeral excursion over 12-24 months

Frequently Asked Questions

Can frozen shoulder resolve without clinical intervention?

While self-limiting, natural resolution takes years. Guided hydrodistension, intra-articular anti-inflammatory injections, and targeted manual therapy accelerate functional restoration significantly.