Scoliosis is a three-dimensional deformity of the spine characterized by a lateral curvature exceeding 10 degrees, often accompanied by vertebral rotation and rib cage asymmetry.
Structural Features of Spinal Curvature
Most scoliosis cases belong to the adolescent idiopathic subtype, emerging during pubertal growth spurts. Vertebral rotation creates thoracic rotational prominence, altering trunk balance and pulmonary mechanics in advanced curves.
Clinical Indicators
- Uneven shoulder height and scapular asymmetry
- Visible rib hump prominence upon forward bending (Adam's forward bend test)
- Waist asymmetry with uneven flank skinfolds
- Pelvic tilt and leg length discrepancy illusion
Frequently Asked Questions
What Cobb angle threshold warrants surgical correction?
Curves under 20 degrees require therapeutic Schroth exercises and serial radiographs. Bracing is recommended for curves between 20 and 40 degrees in growing adolescents. Curves exceeding 45-50 degrees generally warrant posterior spinal fusion.
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